[GO TO THE LISTING OF ALL THE PARTS OF THIS CHAPTER]
andamiaje (1925) ‘scaffolding; staging’:
this is native Spanish word derived in the 20th century from andamio (attested
as early as the 13th century). Spanish andamio, often used in the
plural, andamios, today means primarily ‘scaffold’ or ‘scaffolding’,
that is, ‘a structure built next to a wall, for workers to stand on while they
build, repair, or paint a building’ (DOCE).[1]
The derived word andamiaje is common today instead of andamios to
refer to a whole system of interconnected structures used for this purpose.
Originally, the word andamio
meant ‘platform, stage’ (1295). It is of uncertain origin, and only shared with
Portuguese. It first appeared in a dictionary in Nebrija’s dictionary of 1495. There
is little doubt, however, that the word andamio
is ultimately related to Sp. andar ‘to
walk’, though the nature of the derivation is a mystery. Corominas mentions
that there are two more cases of a suffix-like ending ‑amio in Spanish, which he thinks could be of Celtic origin.[2]
aprendizaje (1832) ‘the act of
learning’, ‘apprenticeship’, ‘training period’ (aprend-iz-aje). This
word would seem to be derived from the noun aprendiz ‘apprentice; (fig.)
beginner’, which is what dictionaries tell us. It is not likely that this word
would exist in Spanish if it wasn’t because French has a very similar word apprentissage
that means ‘apprenticeship’, ‘training’, and ‘learning’, just like its Spanish
counterpart and cognate. Fr. apprentissage is first attested in 1395,
whereas Sp. aprendizaje does not appear in the DRAE until 1832 (though it does
appear in another Spanish dictionary in 1786).
Sp. aprendiz is a
14th century loanword from 12th century Old French word aprentis ‘apprentice’ (later apprentif,
Modern French apprenti, fem. apprentice). This is the source of Eng. apprentice as well as of Old Sp. aprentiz, both borrowed in the 14th
century. Later, Spanish aprentiz was
changed to aprendiz presumably under
the influence of the verb aprender
‘to learn’, which has a d in the
stem, not a t. French apprenti(s) presumably comes ultimately
from Vulgar Lat. apprenditīcĭum,
derived from the stem apprendit‑ of *apprenditus, a regularized past
participle of Vulgar Lat. apprendĕre
‘to learn’, derived from Lat. apprehendĕre
‘to seize, to take, or lay hold of, to apprehend’ (original passive
participle: apprehēnsus;
cf. learned Eng. apprehend, adj. apprehensive).
As we saw, in the late 14th century, French developed the
noun apprentissage from the noun apprentis, and around 1800, more than
300 years later, Fr. apprentissage
was calqued into Spanish as aprendizaje
under the influence of Sp. aprendiz ‘apprentice;
(fig.) beginner’.
The relation of aprendiz
and aprendizaje to the patrimonial
Spanish verb aprender ‘to learn’ is
obvious to any speaker of Spanish, since they seem to share the root aprend‑, but the nature of the derivation
is not regular or obvious, since ‑iz‑
is not a noun-forming suffix, but rather a verb-forming one (e.g. carbonizar ‘to carbonize’). But the
words aprendiz and aprendizaje came through French and they
never had this Spanish ‑iz‑ suffix.
The word aprender, on the other hand,
is a patrimonial one.
[1] The English word scaffold is a
loan from an unattested Norman French word that is cognate with Central Old
French schaffaut or eschaffaut, ultimately from Vulgar Latin
*catafalicum, of uncertain origin,
though perhaps from Greek. Eng. scaffold
meant at one time ‘a raised platform or stand’, including ‘an elevated platform
on which a criminal is executed’. Vulgar Latin *catafalicum gave us Sp. cadafalso,
through Occitan cadafalcs (cf. Old
Catalan cadafal), which later became cadahalso and, eventually, cadalso, which meant originally
‘platform or stage for solemn events’ and, mostly in recent times, ‘platform
erected to execute those condemned to death penalty’, one of the meanings that
Eng. scaffold had in the past.
[2] The two words are (1) the rare aramio
‘land left unsown after plowing’ (= tierra
labrantía), derived from arar ‘to
plow’; and (2) the even rarer paramio
‘protected land’ (Sp. ‘tierra privilegiada, protegida’), derived from parar, from Lat. parāre ‘to prepare’. Sp. paramio is not in the DLE or any other major Spanish dictionary,
though it is the name of several parishes in Northern Spain and Portugal.
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